Thaum nws los txog rau cov khoom siv siab heev, silicone yog undoubtedly ib lub ntsiab lus kub. Silicone yog ib hom khoom siv polymer uas muaj silicon, carbon, hydrogen thiab oxygen. Nws yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv inorganic silicon thiab nthuav tawm kev ua tau zoo hauv ntau qhov chaw. Cia peb ua tib zoo saib cov yam ntxwv, kev tshawb pom thiab kev coj ua ntawm silicone.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm silicone thiab inorganic silicon:
Ua ntej, muaj qhov sib txawv pom tseeb hauv cov qauv tshuaj ntawm silicone thiab inorganic silicon. Silicone yog cov khoom siv polymer tsim los ntawm silicon thiab carbon, hydrogen, oxygen thiab lwm yam khoom, thaum inorganic silicon feem ntau yog hais txog inorganic compounds tsim los ntawm silicon thiab oxygen, xws li silicon dioxide (SiO2). Cov qauv carbon-based ntawm silicone muab nws elasticity thiab plasticity, ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau hauv daim ntawv thov. Vim yog cov qauv molecular cov yam ntxwv ntawm silicone, uas yog, lub zog ntawm Si-O daim ntawv cog lus (444J / mol) yog siab dua li ntawm CC daim ntawv cog lus (339J / mol), cov khoom siv silicone muaj cov cua sov siab dua li cov organic polymer compounds.
Discovery ntawm silicone:
Kev tshawb pom ntawm silicone tuaj yeem taug qab mus rau thaum ntxov xyoo pua 20th. Thaum ntxov, cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua tiav cov khoom siv silicone los ntawm kev qhia cov pab pawg organic rau hauv cov tshuaj silicon. Qhov kev tshawb pom no tau qhib lub sijhawm tshiab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv silicone thiab tso lub hauv paus rau nws txoj kev siv dav hauv kev lag luam thiab kev tshawb fawb. Kev sib xyaw thiab kev txhim kho ntawm silicone tau ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv ob peb lub xyoo dhau los, txhawb kev nruam nruam thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom no.
Hom silicones:
Silicones yog ib chav kawm ntawm polymer tebchaw dav pom nyob rau hauv cov xwm thiab cov khoom siv dag zog, suav nrog ntau hom thiab cov qauv. Hauv qab no yog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov silicones:
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS): PDMS yog ib qho silicone elastomer, feem ntau pom muaj nyob hauv silicone roj hmab. Nws muaj qhov ua tau zoo thiab qhov kub thiab txias ruaj khov, thiab yog siv dav hauv kev npaj cov khoom siv roj hmab, cov khoom siv kho mob, lubricants, thiab lwm yam.
Silicone roj: Silicone roj yog linear silicone compound nrog tsawg nto nro thiab zoo kub kuj. Feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv lubricants, khoom tu tawv nqaij, khoom siv kho mob thiab lwm yam teb.
Silicone Resin: Silicone resin yog cov khoom siv polymer tsim los ntawm cov pab pawg silicic acid nrog cov cua sov zoo heev thiab hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv coatings, adhesives, electronics ntim, thiab lwm yam.
Silicone Roj Hmab: Silicone roj hmab yog cov khoom siv roj hmab zoo li silicone nrog kub ua haujlwm, huab cua tsis kam, hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev thiab lwm yam khoom. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv sealing rings, cable tiv thaiv tes tsho thiab lwm yam teb.
Cov qauv no qhia txog kev sib txawv ntawm silicones. Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txawv thiab muaj ntau yam kev siv los ntawm kev lag luam mus rau lub neej niaj hnub. Qhov no tseem qhia txog cov yam ntxwv sib txawv ntawm silicones ua cov khoom siv ua haujlwm siab.
Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo
Piv nrog cov pa roj carbon zoo tib yam, organosiloxane (Polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) muaj qee qhov kev ua tau zoo, uas ua rau nws ua tau zoo heev hauv ntau daim ntawv thov. Cov hauv qab no yog qee qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm organosiloxane tshaj cov pa roj carbon monoxide sib txuas:
Kev kub siab ua haujlwm: Organosiloxane muaj qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam. Cov qauv ntawm silicon-oxygen bonds ua rau organosiloxanes ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab tsis yooj yim rau decompose, uas muab qhov zoo rau nws daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig kub. Piv txwv li, ntau cov pa roj carbon monoxide sib txuas tuaj yeem decompose lossis poob kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Tsis tshua muaj qhov nro: Organosiloxane nthuav tawm qhov nro qis, uas ua rau nws muaj dej zoo thiab lubricity. Cov cuab yeej no ua rau cov roj silicone (ib daim ntawv ntawm organosiloxane) dav siv hauv lubricants, khoom tu tawv nqaij thiab khoom siv kho mob.
Flexibility thiab elasticity: Cov qauv molecular ntawm organosiloxane muab nws yooj yim thiab elasticity, ua rau nws yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev npaj cov khoom siv roj hmab thiab elastic. Qhov no ua rau cov roj hmab silicone ua tau zoo hauv kev npaj cov nplhaib sib khi, cov khoom siv elastic, thiab lwm yam.
Hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev: Organosiloxane nthuav tawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo heev, uas ua rau nws siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Silicone resin (ib daim ntawv ntawm siloxane) feem ntau yog siv hauv cov khoom ntim hluav taws xob los muab cov hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Biocompatibility: Organosiloxane muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov ntaub so ntswg lom thiab yog li siv dav hauv cov khoom siv kho mob thiab biomedical teb. Piv txwv li, silicone roj hmab feem ntau yog siv los npaj kev kho mob silicone rau cov khoom siv hauv nruab nrog cev, kho mob catheters, thiab lwm yam.
Chemical stability: Organosiloxanes muaj tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov thiab zoo corrosion kuj rau ntau cov tshuaj. Qhov no tso cai rau nws daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv kev lag luam chemical kom nthuav dav, xws li rau kev npaj cov tshuaj tso tsheb hlau luam, cov kav dej thiab cov khoom sib khi.
Zuag qhia tag nrho, organosiloxanes muaj ntau yam khoom sib txawv dua li cov pa roj carbon monoxide sib txuas, uas ua rau lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam xws li lubrication, sealing, kho mob thiab hluav taws xob.
Txoj kev npaj ntawm organosilicon monomers
Txoj kev ncaj nraim: Synthesize organosilicon cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ncaj qha reacting silicon nrog cov organic tebchaw.
Indirect method: Npaj organosilicon los ntawm kev tawg, polymerization thiab lwm yam kev cuam tshuam ntawm silicon tebchaw.
Hydrolysis polymerization txoj kev: Npaj organosilicon los ntawm hydrolysis polymerization ntawm silanol los yog silane cawv.
Gradient copolymerization method: Synthesize organosilicon cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb los ntawm gradient copolymerization. ,
Organosilicon kev lag luam trend
Kev xav tau ntau ntxiv hauv cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis: Nrog rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam high-tech, qhov kev thov rau organosilicon nrog cov khoom zoo xws li kub tsis kam, corrosion kuj thiab hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev yog nce.
Kev lag luam khoom siv kho mob nthuav dav: Daim ntawv thov ntawm silicone hauv kev tsim khoom siv kho mob txuas ntxiv nthuav dav, thiab ua ke nrog biocompatibility, nws ua rau muaj peev xwm tshiab rau thaj chaw kho mob.
Sustainable txoj kev loj hlob: Kev txhim kho ntawm ib puag ncig kev paub txhawb nqa kev tshawb fawb txog kev npaj ntsuab ntawm cov khoom siv silicone, xws li biodegradable silicone, kom ua tiav kev txhim kho ruaj khov.
Tshawb nrhiav cov ntawv thov tshiab: Cov ntawv thov tshiab txuas ntxiv tshwm sim, xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov tau yooj yim, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob optoelectronic, thiab lwm yam, los txhawb kev tsim kho tshiab thiab nthuav dav ntawm cov lag luam silicone.
Txoj kev txhim kho yav tom ntej thiab cov teeb meem
Kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev txhim kho ntawm kev ua haujlwm silicone:Hauv kev teb rau cov kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam sib txawv, silicone yuav tau them nyiaj ntau dua rau kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm yav tom ntej, xws li cov txheej txheem silicone ua haujlwm, suav nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb xws li tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Kev tshawb fawb txog biodegradable silicone:Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm ib puag ncig kev paub, kev tshawb fawb ntawm biodegradable silicone cov ntaub ntawv yuav dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev loj hlob.
Kev siv nano silicone: Siv nanotechnology, kev tshawb fawb txog kev npaj thiab kev siv nano silicone los nthuav nws daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv high-tech teb.
Greening ntawm kev npaj: Rau kev npaj cov txheej txheem ntawm silicone, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog mus rau ntsuab thiab environmentally friendly txoj kev nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej los txo cov kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig.
Post lub sij hawm: Lub Xya hli ntuj-15-2024